《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(3): 445-453

不同蜜露分泌类型蝴蝶兰叶片的光合生理特性研究

许申平¹, 王莹博^1,2, 张燕¹, 李霞³, 崔波^1,*

¹郑州师范学院生物工程研究所, 郑州450044; ²河南农业大学生命科学学院, 郑州450002; ³郑州好日子园艺有限公司, 郑州450064

通信作者：崔波；E-mail: laocuibo@163.com

摘　要：

为探索蝴蝶兰蜜露形成的生理机理, 以蜜露分泌严重的蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’和无蜜露分泌的蝴蝶兰‘双龙’两个品种为试验材料, 研究不同叶龄的叶片(新叶、功能叶和老叶)光合生理指标的差异。结果表明: 蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’不同叶片类型之间的净CO₂吸收速率并没有显著差异, 蝴蝶兰‘双龙’新叶的净CO₂吸收速率显著高于功能叶和老叶, 而且比‘大辣椒’的新叶高64%; 同时, 蝴蝶兰‘双龙’所有类型叶片的可滴定酸含量都高于蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’。两个蝴蝶兰品种不同叶片类型的叶绿素荧光参数有显著差异。在新叶中, 蝴蝶兰‘双龙’的最大荧光(F_m)、可变荧光(F_v)、PSII的实际光合量子产量(Yield)和光化学淬灭系数(q_P)都显著大于蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’, 但非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)小于蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’; 在功能叶和老叶中, 蝴蝶兰‘双龙’的PSII潜在活性(F_v/F_o)大于蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’, 但q_P和表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)小于‘大辣椒’。与蝴蝶兰‘双龙’不同, 蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’的碳水化合物含量在3种叶片中呈现老叶>功能叶>新叶的趋势, 其中, 蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’老叶的可溶性糖和淀粉含量分别比蝴蝶兰‘双龙’高40%和27%。虽然可溶性蛋白在两种蝴蝶兰的3种叶片中的含量呈相似趋势, 都表现为新叶大于功能叶和老叶, 但是蝴蝶兰‘双龙’的叶绿素含量显著高于蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’。以上数据表明, 叶片中碳水化合物的积累, 可能是蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’分泌蜜露的主要原因。

关键词：蝴蝶兰; 蜜露; 光合特性; 碳水化合物

收稿：2016-10-14   修定：2017-01-22

资助：河南省科技计划项目(162102110073、152107000071)和郑州市重大科技专项(141PZDZX038)。 * 通讯作者(E-mail: laocuibo@163.com)。

Research of photosynthetic physiological indices of different kinds of honeydew secretion in Phalaenopsis leaves

XU Shen-Ping¹, WANG Ying-Bo^1,2, ZHANG Yan¹, LI Xia³, CUI Bo^1,*

¹Institute of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; ²College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; ³Zhengzhou Haorizi Horticulture Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450064, China

Corresponding author: CUI Bo; E-mail: laocuibo@163.com

Abstract:

In order to probe the physiological mechanisms of honeydew secretion in Phalaenopsis leaves, Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’ accompanied by honeydew secretion and Phalaenopsis ‘Double Dragon’ without honeydew secretion were used to the study on the differences of photosynthesis physiological target in different age leaves (initiated leaves, functional leaf, old leaves) under the same conditions. The results showed that no significant differences were observed in the net CO₂ uptake rate among different leaves in Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’. But the net CO₂ uptake rate were higher 64% in new leaves of Phalaenopsis ‘Double Dragon’ than that in Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’, which remarkably higher in initiated leaves than that in functional leaves and old leaves in Phalaenopsis ‘Double Dragon’. There were significant differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In initiated leaves, the values of maximum fluorescence (F_m), maximum variable fluorescence (F_v), effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Yield) and photochemical quenching (q_P) were significantly higher in Phalaenopsis ‘Double Dragon’ than those in Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’, but non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was less than that in Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’. In functional and old leaves, the value of PS II potential activity (F_v/F_o) was higher in Phalaenopsis ‘Double Dragon’ than that in Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’, but q_P and apparent photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) were less than that in Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’. Different from Phalaenopsis ‘Double Dragon’, the carbohydrate contents in three kinds of leaves of Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’ showed a trend of old leaves>functional leaves>initiated leaves, and the contents of carbohydrates and starch were higher 40% and 27% in Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’ respectively, than those in Phalaenopsis ‘Double Dragon’. The above data indicated that the accumulation of carbohydrates in old leaves was the main reason for honeydew secretion in Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’.

Key words: Phalaenopsis; honeydew; photosynthesis; carbohydrates